3G shutdown in Australia: Real consequences or overblown concerns?

As Australia prepares to shut down its 3G network, a discussion is unfolding about whether the concerns surrounding the transition stem from real consequences or are being overblown.

The Australian Government recently announced it is delaying the switch-off, primarily due to issues related to accessing emergency services and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as personal medical alarms, connected cars and security systems. These concerns are valid as 3G still plays a vital role in supporting older devices, especially that the 2G GSM was shut down in Australia in 2017.

Mobile network operators (MNOs) are particularly focused on the 3G transition as it will lower the cost and complexity of managing multiple generations of network technology.

Ultimately, switching off 3G will allow them to refocus their efforts and resources on 4G and 5G, freeing up valuable spectrum for more efficient use and enabling higher capacity and better overall customer service.

Making way for newer technologies
On the other hand, it is arguable the delay is a blessing in disguise for local MNOs, as it provides them with additional time to address key challenges, such as international roaming and emergency calls for inbound roamers. Roaming voice and SMS services are particularly important given the high influx of tourists and international students in the country, many of whom still rely on 3G connectivity when travelling. The extension allows MNOs to better coordinate with global counterparts and ensure seamless connectivity while transitioning to more advanced technologies. Roaming is a significant revenue driver for MNOs, and without proper planning, this revenue could decline.

However, some argue these concerns may be overstated and that Australia's delayed timeline is reflective of a cautious approach rather than a technical necessity. European operators have mostly opted to switch off 3G while keeping 2G operational. From the United States and Canada to Japan and Singapore, many MNOs globally have already shut down their 3G networks without major disruptions. Technologies such as Voice over Long Term Evolution (VoLTE), Voice over New Radio (VoNR) and SMS over IP (SMSoIP) have matured, delivering better call quality and faster connections that 3G ever could. MNOs have also invested significantly in IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS) to ensure that voice services can be carried over IP-based networks like 4G, 5G and even Wi-Fi, eliminating the need for older circuit-switching systems. Additionally, VoLTE roaming has recently converged to the popular S8HR architecture, allowing voice services over visited 4G networks for travellers.

Moreover, it is important to note that the to be retired 3G networks, particularly WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) technology, suffers from operational issues like cell breathing and pilot pollution.  The upgrade enables operators to enhance networks with higher antennas altitudes and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) configurations for improved coverage, capacity and quality of experience.

3G shutdown: More benefits than risks for MNOs
The real question is whether concerns about the 3G shutdown are as significant as they seem. While there are real consequences if the transition isn't handled properly, such as emergency call disruptions or loss in roaming revenue, many of the concerns can be mitigated through planning and investment. The fact that the shutdown has been delayed reflects the government's cautious approach, ensuring proper safeguards are in place. From an MNO's perspective, the benefits far outweigh the risks. With lower maintenance costs, better voice quality, and more spectrum available for 4G and 5G, the shutdown is essential for innovation and growth.

Navigating the 3G shutdown is about striking a balance between mitigating risks and embracing the benefits. The concerns, though significant, can be managed, and the transition will ultimately pave the way for a more advanced and efficient telecommunications industry. The end of 3G is not just the closure of a network but a step forward into the future of mobile technology.